Tratamiento multidisciplinar del leimiosarcoma de vena cava inferior / Multidisciplinary treatment of leiomyosarcoma of inferior cava

Resumen Introducción Los leiomiosarcomas de la vena cava inferior son tumores raros, sólo hay 300 casos descritos en la literatura. Su incidencia es mayor en mujeres, suelen aparecer entre los 50-60 años, y presentan una progresión lenta y mal pronóstico. Los síntomas son inespecíficos haciendo que el diagnóstico se realice de forma tardía, éste se realiza mediante pruebas de imagen y biopsia guiada. Caso clínico Se presenta el caso de un varón de 73 años con diagnóstico de leiomiosarcoma de la vena cava inferior, como hallazgo incidental en TC de control, tratado mediante radioterapia neoadyuvante, cirugía y radioterapia intraoperatoria. Discusión El único tratamiento que ha descrito modificaciones en la supervivencia es la cirugía. El papel de la adyuvancia y neoadyuvancia en estos tumores es muy controvertido. La elección de la actitud terapéutica dependerá de la localización del tumor, tamaño, la relación con estructuras adyacentes y la presencia de circulación colateral.

Introduction Leiomyosarcomas of the inferior vena cava are rare tumors, with fewer than 300 cases reported. Its incidence is higher in females, usually appear in the sixth decade and they have a slow-growing and poor prognosis. Symptoms are generally non-specific. Diagnosis is made with imaging studies and guided biopsy. Clinical Case We report a case of a 73-year-old male patient with leimyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava treated by neoadjuvant radiotherapy, surgery and intraoperative radiotherapy. Discussion Surgery is the only treatment that can improve the survival. The role of the adjuvancy and neoadjuvancy is very controversial. Surgical management is determined by the location of the tumour, the relationship with adjacent structures and the presence of collateral veins.

Adjuvant radiotherapy for the primary treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma: are we offering the best?

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the role of ARDT after surgical resection of ACC. Materials and Methods: Records of patients from our institutional ACC database were retrospectively assessed. A paired comparison analysis was used to evaluate the oncological outcomes between patients treated with surgery followed by ARDT or surgery only (control). The endpoints were LRFS, RFS, and OS. A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was also performed to evaluate local recurrence of ACC when ARDT was used. Results: Ten patients were included in each Group. The median follow-up times were 32 months and 35 months for the ARDT and control Groups, respectively. The results for LRFS (p=0.11), RFS (p=0.92), and OS (p=0.47) were similar among subsets. The mean time to present with local recurrence was significantly longer in the ARDT group compared with the control Group (419±206 days vs. 181±86 days, respectively; p=0.03). ARDT was well tolerated by the patients; there were no reports of late toxicity. The meta-analysis, which included four retrospective series, revealed that ARDT had a protective effect on LRFS (HR=0.4; CI=0.17-0.94). Conclusions: ARDT may reduce the chance and prolong the time to ACC local recurrence. However, there were no benefits for disease recurrence control or overall survival for patients who underwent this complementary therapy.

Efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiation in inoperable oral carcinoma in pakistani population

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of concurrent Chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity in terms of local control and toxicity

Study Design: Case series

Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology [INMOL], Lahore, from January 2008 to December 2013

Methodology: Sixty-nine patients with locally advanced inoperable oral cavity cancer, registered in INMOL hospital from January 2008 to December 2013 who fulfilled a pre-defined eligibility criteria, were enrolled in the study

Concurrent Chemoradiation protocol consisted of conventional fractionation delivering 70 Gy with weekly Cisplatin [50 mg/m[2]] during the course of radiation

Tumor response was calculated by RECIST criteria version 1.1 along with the median overall survival and disease-free survival. Acute treatment related toxicities were graded as [G]

Results: Thirty-six [52.17%] patients showed complete response; while 19 [27.54%], 8 [11.59%] and 6 [8.7%] were observed with partial response, stable and progressive disease, respectively. Treatment response was significant [p<0.001] in terms of responders vs. nonresponders to treatment. Median overall survival was 18.00 months; whereas, median disease-free survival remained 14.00 months. Main toxicities included mucositis [G3 and G4, 71%], xerostomia [G2 and G3, 82.5%], vomiting [G3 and G4, 51%], myelosuppression [G3 and G4, 26.2%], dermatitis [G3 and G4, 49.2%], and fatigue [G3 and G4, 57.9%]

Conclusion: Platinum based CCRT remained effective for inoperable oral cancer patients

Análisis de costo-efectividad de la radioterapia sola, del protocolo Stupp y del protocolo Stupp más bevacizumab para pacientes con reciente diagnóstico de glioma maligno (GBM) en Colombia / Cost-effectiveness analysis of radiotherapy alone, the Stupp protocol and the Stupp plus bevacizumab protocol for patients with a recent diagnosis of malignant glioma (GBM) in Colombia

Problema de investigación: Evaluar la RICE de la radioterapia (medida la efectividad en AVAC), el PS y el PS+BEV para el tratamiento de pacientes mayores de edad con diagnóstico reciente de GBM confirmado \r\nhistológicamente y con resección macroscópica completa. Tipo de evaluación económica: Análisis de costo\r\n-efectividad. Población objetivo: Pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico reciente de GBM confirmado histológicamente y con resección macroscópica completa. Intervención y comparadores: Comparación 1: PS comparado con radioterapia, Comparación 2: PS+BEV comparado con PS. Horizonte temporal: Se consideró un horizonte temporal de dos años, con ciclos de 1 mes de duración. Tasa de descuento: La tasa de descuento del caso base fue del 5 % y se llevaron a cabo análisis para tasas de 0 %, 3,5 %, 7 % y 12 %. Estructura del modelo: Se diseñó un modelo de Markov con tres estados de salud (estable, progresión y muerte). Fuentes de datos de efectividad y seguridad: Los datos de efectividad y seguridad fueron obtenidos de cuatro estudios clínicos multicéntricos; la información acerca de la valoración de los desenlaces fue obtenida de una ETES. Desenlaces y valoración: Las ponderaciones para la calidad de vida percibida por los pacientes en cada estado de salud fueron obtenidas de una ETES publicada previamente, y fueron utilizadas para calcular los AVAC. Costos incluidos: Fueron incluidos los costos que generan un gasto directo al SGSSS en Colombia. No se incluyeron costos de cuidadores, costos de pérdidas de productividad ni \r\ncostos de transporte. Fuentes de datos de costos: La valoración de los costos se hizo mediante el uso de \r\nSISMED y de la Circular 03 de 2015 de precios máximos en el caso de los medicamentos, y del manual tarifario ISS 2001 para el caso de los procedimientos. Resultados del caso base: La RICE del PS comparado con la radioterapia es de $ 55.410.625, lo que resulta en que no sería una alternativa costo-efectiva para el país. La RICE del PS+ BEVvs. PS ($ 1.795.371.090) comparado con tres veces el PIB per cápita hace que \r\nesta no se considere una estrategia costo-efectiva para el contexto colombiano. Análisis de sensibilidad:\r\nCuando el costo de la dosis de TMZ concomitante con radioterapia es igual a $ 136.868,6 o menos, el PS se \r\nvuelve una tecnología en salud costo-efectiva para Colombia comparado con la RT. Y solo resulta costo-efectivo a su precio actual si el umbral de disponibilidad a pagar fuera mayor a $ 50.000.000. Bajo ningún escenario de disponibilidad a pagar entre 1 y 3 PIB per cápita, el PS+BEV tendría probabilidad de ser costo-efectivo en Colombia al ser comparado con el PS. Conclusiones y discusión: Aunque las diferencias en términos de AVAC no son amplias entre las diferentes tecnologías, el uso de TMZ (es decir, el PS) es el que mejores resultados reporta frente a la radioterapia sola y frente a la inclusión del BEV al PS (aunque el uso del BEV en esta indica ción es off-label en Colombia).(AU)

Adjuvant sequential chemo and radiotherapy improves the oncological outcome in high risk endometrial cancer / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the impact of sequential chemoradiotherapy in high risk endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS: Two hundred fifty-four women with stage IB grade 3, II and III EC (2009 FIGO staging), were included in this retrospective study. RESULTS: Stage I, II, and III was 24%, 28.7%, and 47.3%, respectively. Grade 3 tumor was 53.2% and 71.3% had deep myometrial invasion. One hundred sixty-five women (65%) underwent pelvic (+/- aortic) lymphadenectomy and 58 (22.8%) had nodal metastases. Ninety-eight women (38.6%) underwent radiotherapy, 59 (23.2%) chemotherapy, 42 (16.5%) sequential chemoradiotherapy, and 55 (21.7%) were only observed. After a median follow-up of 101 months, 78 women (30.7%) relapsed and 91 women (35.8%) died. Sequential chemoradiotherapy improved survival rates in women who did not undergo nodal evaluation (disease-free survival [DFS], p=0.040; overall survival [OS], p=0.024) or pelvic (+/- aortic) lymphadenectomy (DFS, p=0.008; OS, p=0.021). Sequential chemoradiotherapy improved both DFS (p=0.015) and OS (p=0.014) in stage III, while only a trend was found for DFS (p=0.210) and OS (p=0.102) in stage I-II EC. In the multivariate analysis, only age (< or =65 years) and sequential chemoradiotherapy were statistically related to the prognosis. CONCLUSION: Sequential chemoradiotherapy improves survival rates in high risk EC compared with chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone, in particular in stage III.

Synchronous and metachronous malignancy in endometrial cancer patients treated in a tertiary care center of Thailand / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and features of non-endometrial cancers in Thai endometrial cancer (EC) patients. METHODS: EC patients treated in our institution were identified and the following data were collected: age, EC stage, histopathology, adjuvant therapy, other cancers, living status, and cause of death. RESULTS: The mean age of the 344 patients was 56.8+/-10.8 years. Fifty (14.5%) had other synchronous and metachronous cancers. Mean ages of the patients with or without other cancers were not significantly different, 55.7+/-10.04 years versus 57.1+/-11.0 years, respectively (p=0.358). History of any cancer in the family and tumor in the lower uterine segment were more frequent among the patients with other cancers (6.0% vs. 1.7%, p=0.095; 12.0% vs. 1.0%, p or =2 other cancers. Ovarian, breast, and colon were the three most common other cancers. After a median follow-up of 57.1 months, 18.3% of patients had died: 30.0% of patients with other cancers and 16.3% of those without other cancers. The corresponding EC deaths were 14.0% and 11.2%. The 5-year overall survival was significantly lower in patients who had other cancers: 79.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.3 to 90.3) vs. 86.0% (95% CI, 81.7 to 90.3) than in those without (p=0.023). However, the corresponding disease-specific survival was not significantly different: 85.1% (95% CI, 75.5 to 94.7) compared with 89.0% (95% CI, 85.1 to 92.9), respectively (p=0.514). CONCLUSION: Thai EC patients had a high incidence of other cancers. Overall survival of EC patients who had other cancers was worse than those without, while disease-specific survival was not significantly different.

Delayed postoperative radiation therapy in local control of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth / Retardo da radioterapia pós-operatória no controle local do carcinoma epidermoide de língua e soalho de boca

Objective To evaluate the effect of time between surgery and postoperative radiation therapy on local recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Methods A total of 154 patients treated between 1996 and 2007 were selected considering local recurrence rate and time of the adjuvant radiotherapy. Results Local recurrence was diagnosed in 54 (35%) patients. Radiation therapy reduced the rate of local recurrences, although with no statistical significance. The time between surgery and initiation of postoperative radiotherapy did not significantly influence the risk of local recurrence in patients referred to adjuvant treatment (p=0.49). Conclusion In the presence of risk factors for local recurrence, a short delay in starting the adjuvant radiation therapy does not contraindicate its performance. .

Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do tempo entre o tratamento cirúrgico e a radioterapia pós-operatória nas recidivas locais do carcinoma epidermoide de língua e soalho da boca. Métodos Foram selecionados 154 pacientes tratados entre 1996 e 2007, considerando a frequência das recidivas locais e o tempo para início da radioterapia adjuvante. Resultados As recidivas locais foram diagnosticadas em 54 (35%) pacientes. A radioterapia reduziu a frequência de recidivas locais, embora sem significância estatística. O tempo entre a cirurgia e o início da radioterapia pós-operatória não influenciaram, de forma significante, no risco de recidivas locais entre o pacientes que tinham indicação de tratamento adjuvante (p=0,49). Conclusão Na presença de fatores de risco para recidiva local, um pequeno atraso no início da radioterapia adjuvante não contra-indica sua realização. .

Tailored treatment including radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy + androgen deprivation therapy versus exclusive radical prostatectomy in high-risk prostate cancer patients: results from a prospective study

Purpose To evaluate outcomes of patients with high risk prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) in a context of a multidisciplinary approach including adjuvant radiation (RT) + androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Matherials and Methods 244 consecutive patients with high risk localized PCa underwent RP and bilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection at our institution. Adjuvant RT + 24 months ADT was carried out in subjects with pathological stage ≥ T3N0 and/or positive surgical margins or in patients with local relapse. Results After a median follow-up was 54.17 months (range 5.4-117.16), 13 (5.3%) subjects had biochemical progression, 21 (8.6%) had clinical progression, 7 (2.9%) died due to prostate cancer and 15 (6.1%) died due to other causes. 136 (55.7%) patients did not receive any adjuvant treatment while 108 (44.3%) received respectively adjuvant or salvage RT+ADT. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that pre-operative PSA value at diagnosis is a significant predictive factor for BCR (HR: 1.04, p < 0.05) and that Gleason Score 8-10 (HR: 2.4; p<0.05) and PSMs (HR: 2.01; p < 0.01) were significant predictors for clinical progression. Radical prostatectomy group was associated with BPFS, CPFS, CSS and OS at 5-years of 97%, 90%, 95% and 86% respectively, while adjuvant radiation + androgen deprivation therapy group was associated with a BPFS, CPFS and CSS at 5-years of 91%, 83%, 95% and 88%, without any statistical difference. Conclusions Multimodality tailored treatment based on RP and adjuvant therapy with RT+ADT achieve similar results in terms of OS after 5-years of follow-up. .

Cáncer de mama derecha: comparación de cuatro técnicas de radioterapia convencional / Right breast cancer: comparison of four radiation therapy techniques

Se realiza análisis y comparación de cuatros técnicas diferentes para tratamiento radiante adyuvante de volúmenes mamarios y paredes torácicas derecha en mujeres. En nuestro país, como en muchos otros países de Latinoamérica, no todos los servicios de radioterapia poseen desarrollo tecnológico ni el personal capacitado para implementación de nuevos tratamientos como radioterapia conformada 3 D y/o radioterapia de intensidad modulada. Se estudiaron cuatro técnicas distintas de irradiación en todas ellas dos campos tangenciales en distintas configuraciones con la utilización de filtros compensadores en cuña. Técnica 1: distancia fuente superficie fija, técnica 2: isocéntrica, técnica 3: hemicampo y técnica 4: de Mool. Todas las técnicas fueron similares en su operatividad. Desde el punto de vista dosimétrico las técnicas 1 y 2 presentan ventajas sobre las otras por el hecho de utilizar el eje del haz o centro de campo, el factor de transmisión de cuña no varía, facilita el cálculo de dosis entregada por campo cosa que no es así con las otras técnicas que utilizan hemicampos y se debe de utilizar un factor de transmisión de cuña variable. Además se pudo observar que las técnicas 1 y 2 presentan una mejor distribución de dosis, de una mayor homogeneidad cumpliendo con lo recomendado la Comisión Internacional de Unidades y Medidas de Radiación en sus reportes 50-62, donde se acepta una variación de la dosisen el volumen blanco de +7% a –5% de la dosis prescrita

Analysis and comparison of four different techniques for adjuvant radiant treatment of right mammary volumes and chest walls in women, in our country, as in many others in Latin America, not all radio therapy services have technological development or qualified personnel for e application of new treatments such as three dimensional conformed radiotherapy or intensity modulated radiation Therapy. We study four different radiation techniques. Two tangential fields were used in these four techniques, each of them with different configurations and with the use of wedge filters as compensators. Technique 1: Source fixe surface distance, technique 2: Isocentric, technique 3: Hemifield, technique 4: Mool. Although all techniques presented similar operating capacities. From dosimetric point of view techniques 1 and 2 present some advantages over remaining ones. This is due to fact that when using beam axis or field centre wedge transmission factor does not change, which makes it easier to estimate dose applied to each field. This does not apply to techniques 3 and 4, because, as they use hemi field, a variable transmission factor must be used. Besides, it could be observed that techniques 1 and 2 distribute dose in a better way, with higher homogeneity, which applies to the standards established by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements in reports 50-62, according to which a dose variation of the white volume from +7% to – 5% of the prescribed dose is accepted

Câncer de mama estádio inicial e radioterapia: atualização / Early stage breast cancer and radiotherapy: update

O câncer de mama é a neoplasia maligna mais frequente entre as mulheres. A escolha terapêutica depende do estádio clínico da doença, das características anatomopatológicas, idade, entre outros. O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar uma atualização dos conceitos e definições da radioterapia (RT) no tratamento conservador do câncer de mama estádio inicial, enfatizando as indicações, contraindicações, dose e fracionamento da RT (esquema clássico, hipofracionado e irradiação parcial da mama), RT adjuvante no carcinoma ductal in situ (CDIS), irradiação das cadeias linfonodais e relação da RT com preditores moleculares de recorrência. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO e Cochrane para a seleção dos principais artigos disponíveis sobre a temática proposta. A RT adjuvante tem um papel definido na abordagem das pacientes com câncer da mama submetidas à terapia cirúrgica conservadora. Em pacientes selecionadas, podem-se empregar esquemas de RT hipofracionada ou irradiação parcial das mamas. Todas as pacientes com CDIS devem receber RT adjuvante. Não se sabe a correlação do papel da RT com preditores moleculares de recorrência local e sistêmica.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among women. Therapeutic options are based on disease staging, histopathological characteristics, age, and others. The objective of the present study is to carry out an update of the concepts and definitions of radiotherapy (RT) in conservative treatment of early-stage breast cancer, with emphasis on indications, contraindications, RT dose fractionation schedules (classic, hypofractionated and partial breast irradiation), adjuvant RT in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and molecular predictors of recurrence. MEDLINE, SciELO and Cochrane databases were used for article selection. Adjuvant RT is indicated for patients with BC who underwent conservative breast surgery. In selected patients, hypofractionated or partial breast irradiation can be used. Adjuvant RT should be provided for all patients with DCIS. The correlation of RT and molecular predictors of local and systemic recurrence are not yet well-known.

Radioterapia adjuvante no câncer de mama operável / Adjuvant radiotherapy in operable breast cancer

O tratamento do câncer de mama inicial começa com a obtenção do controle locorregional. A radioterapia adjuvante é uma modalidade de tratamento local utilizada no câncer de mama para reduzir a recidiva local após o tratamento cirúrgico. A associação entre um adequado controle local e o aumento de sobrevida tem sido frequentemente observada. Os mecanismos, entretanto, através dos quais a aplicação da radiação ionizante no sítio tumoral primário pode resultar em efeitos sistêmicos, são um grande motivo de debates. Este artigo revisa dados sobre o papel da radioterapia adjuvante no câncer de mama operável, tanto pós-cirurgia conservadora quanto pós- mastectomia, assim como seus resultados locais e sistêmicos

The treatment of early breast cancer begins with the locorregional control. Adjuvant radiotherapy is a local treatment modality employed in breast cancer to reduce the local recurrence following surgery. The association between optimal local control and improved survival has been commonly observed. The mechanisms however whereby the application of ionizing radiation to the primary tumor site can result in systemic effects is subject of much debate. This article reviews data about the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in operable breast cancer post-conservative surgery and post-mastectomy as well as its local and systemic results

Salvataje de miembro superior en pacientes pediátrico con sarcoma de Ewing: a propósito de un caso / Upper limb salvage in pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma: report of a case

El sarcoma de Ewing es un tumor maligno perteneciente al grupo de tumores neuroectodérmicos primitivos. Se conoce poco acerca de los factores etiológicos y generalmente afecta la diáfisis de hueso largo y la pelvis. Rara vez puede localizarse extraesqueléticamente. La tendencia es a presentarse en gente joven durante la fase de mayor crecimiento. Representa el 1 por ciento de los tumores en la infancia y es el segundo tumor maligno primario del hueso en la niñez y adolescencia, con un pico de edad entre 5 y 13 años. En el presente se reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 10 años de edad, con diagnóstico de Sarcoma de Ewing Primario en Húmero Izquierdo Estadio III. Fue tratado con esquema de Quimioterapia y Radioterapia; en vista de su buena evolución se ofreció Cirugía Reconstructiva como medida de salvataje del miembro superior. Se realizó resección del húmero con márgenes quirúrgicos amplios y se colocó aloinjerto óseo de tibia, estabilizándose con material de osteosíntesis proximal y distalmente. Como resultado se observó remodelación ósea y osteointegración completa del injerto, así como rangos de movilidad aceptables en el primer año de evolución. Los procedimientos quirúrgicos para la reconstrucción de los miembros, después de la extirpación del Sarcoma de Ewing Primario, constituyen una alternativa en un intento por evitar la amputación.

The Sarcoma of Ewing is a malignant tumor pertaining to the gruop of primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Little is known about the etiologic factors and it generally affects the diaphysis of long bones and pelvis. Rarely it can be located extraskeletally. The tendency is to appear in young people during the phase of greater growth. It represents 1 percent of the tumors in the childhood and is the second primary malignant tumor of the bone in the childhood and adolescence, with a tip of age between 5 and 13 years. In the present work the case of a masculine patient of 10 years of age is resported, with diagnosis of Sarcoma of Primary Ewing in Left Chimney Stage III. It was dealed with schemes Chemotherapy and X-ray; in view of its good evolution Reconstructive Surgery was offered like measurement of salvataje of the member superior. Resection of the chimmey with ample surgical margins was realised and aloinjerto bony of tibia was placed distate, becoming stabilized with material of proximal osteosynthesisand as result were observed bony remodeling and complete osseointegration of the graft, as well as acceptable ranks of mobility in the first yeras of evolution. The surgical procedures for the reconstruction of the members, after the extirpation of the Sarcoma of Primary Ewing, constitute an alternative in an attempt to avoid the amputation.

Evaluación de la morbimortalidad precoz de la quimiorradioterapia adyuvante en una serie de pacientes tratados por cáncer gástrico / Evaluation of early morbidity and mortality of adjuvant chemoradiation in patients with gastric cancer

Desde el año 2005, en el Hospital Clínico Regional Valdivia (HCRV), la terapia adyuvante para el cáncer gástrico es la quimiorradioterapia (QtRt). El objetivo del trabajo es describir las reacciones adversas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de Cáncer Gástrico sometidos a QtRt adyuvante en el HCRV. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, de pacientes sometidos a QtRt (con 5FU+leucovorina+radioterapia con acelerador lineal al lecho gástrico) que fueron a gastrectomía en el HCRV, entre enero 2005 y diciembre 2006. No se incluyeron pacientes con cáncer gástrico incipiente, ni los con invasión a estructuras vecinas ni metástasis a distancia. La información se recopiló a partir de 2 registros prospectivos de pacientes de nuestro hospital y de la revisión de fichas clínicas. Algunas de las variables registradas fueron: edad, sexo, clasificación según TNM, toxicidad hematológica, gastrointestinales y mortalidad. El análisis de las variables se realizó mediante el Software STATA 9.0. La serie se compone de 37 pacientes, con edad promedio de 59 años y predominantemente de sexo masculino con un 70,3 por ciento. A 28 (75.68 por ciento) se les practicó una gastrectomía total; 30 pacientes (81,08por ciento) fueron clasificados como T3 y 8 (21,62 por ciento) como N3. El promedio de linfonodos resecados fue 34. Treinta pacientes (80por ciento) presentaron toxicidad gastrointestinal y 23 (62,61por ciento) hematológica. Sólo un paciente (2,7 por ciento) no presentó algún grado de toxicidad. Todos los pacientes etapificados como T3N3 presentaron toxicidad. No hubo mortalidad. En esta serie, la QtRt adyuvante para el tratamiento del cáncer gástrico en el HCRV es una terapia que conlleva un alto porcentaje de reacciones adversas de diversa magnitud.

Radioterapia complementar em dose única intra-operatória no tratamento conservador do câncer de mama / Full-dose intra operative radiotherapy in the breast cancer conserving treatment

A radioterapia complementar na cirurgia consrvadora do câncer de mama inicial visa reduzir a chance de recidiva local, que ocorre quase sempre no mesmo quadrante do tumor primário. A eletronterapia intra-operatória (ETI)ministrada através de aparelho portátil especial durante a cirurgia é procedimento novo, desenvolvido na Itália, com várias vantagens teóricas e práticas sobre a radioterapia pós-operatória convencional. Porém, este aparelho não está disponível em países em desenvolvimento. Apresentamos nossa experiência com o método, mas ministrando a dose de 21 Gy através de acelerador linear comum. De maio de 2004 a abril de 2006 tratamos 49 pacientes com carcinoma ductal infiltrativo de mama unifocal, medindo até 3 cm de diâmetro, as quais foram submetidas a ressecção segmentar de mama, monitorização intra-operatória das margens cirúrgicas, biópsia de linfonodo sentinela e ETI. As cirurgias foram realizadas em centro cirúrgico anexo à sala de radioterapia, para a qual as pacientes foram transferidas anestesiadas. Após a colocação de disco de chumbo e alumínio na face anterior do músculo peitoral maior e atrás do tecido a ser irradiado, procedeu-se de rotina à radiografia para confirmar a correção da posição do colimador e a seguir a radiação foi administrada intra-operatoriamente. Depois de período médio de 13,4 meses (I-23) nenhuma recidiva local foi detectada e a taxa de complicações foi muito baixa. O aspecto estético final foi excelente ou bom. A ETI ainda é um procedimento em fase investigacional, muito prático, e bem aceito. O método é promissor, podendo ser realizado com aparelhos aceleradores lineares convencionais.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lacrimal sac: a case report.

Lacrimal sac tumors are rare tumors of the periorbital region. The authors report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lacrimal sac in a 47-year-old Thai man. The patient presented with epiphora and a palpable mass in the medial canthal area. The diagnosis was confirmed by the pathological studies. Radical surgery and radiation therapy were given. Early detection and long-term follow-up are necessary.